Linguistics should be empirical, exact, and objective.
Canons of Linguistics as A Scientific Study :
1. Exhaustiveness = the adequate treatment of all the relevant material.2. Consistency = the absence of contradiction between different parts of the total statement.
3. Economy = a shorter statement or analysis employing fewer terms is to be preferred to one that is longer or more involved.
Branches of Linguistics :
1. General Linguistics2. Descriptive Linguistics
3. Historical Linguistics
4. Comparative Linguistics
Approaches to Linguistics
It's I - prescriptive - what people should say (grammatically)
It's me - descriptive - what people really say
The Range of General Linguistics
1. Level of Analysis : phonology, morphology, syntax.2. Language and Communication : definition and origin of language.
3. Phonetics, Phonology, Grammar, and Semantics.
Example :
Phonological level : #p → ph ~ vowel -- #
Morphological level : practical = practice + al
Syntactical level : 1. The man I often went fishing with died last night.
2. The man whom I often went fishing with died last night.
3. The man with whom I often went fishing died last night.
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